Pengembangan Game Pengenalan Wadai Banjar 41 Macam Berbasis Teknologi Virtual Reality dengan Kendali Tangan Tanpa Controller
Kata Kunci:
virtual reality game, perbandingan immersivity, playtesting and gameflow, telepresence, controller naturalness, cybersicknessAbstrak
Penggunaan Virtual Reality (VR) semakin populer karena memungkinkan pengguna merasakan pengalaman mendalam dalam lingkungan virtual. Jenis controller yang berbeda pada VR dapat mempengaruhi tingkat immersivity, yakni tingkat kedalaman pengalaman yang dirasakan dalam lingkungan virtual. Aspek immersivity penting karena meningkatkan interaksi pengguna dan memberikan pengalaman yang lebih memuaskan. Dalam penelitian ini, dikembangkan dua buah game virtual reality dengan dua jenis controller yang berbeda, yakni versi head-movement tracking dan versi hand tracking. Kedua versi tersebut dibandingkan untuk mengukur tingkat immersivity-nya. Tema dari game yang dikembangkan adalah pengenalan Wadai Banjar 41 Macam, yakni budaya dari suku Banjar di Kalimantan Selatan. Hasil evaluasi game menggunakan metode Playtesting and Gameflow, rata-rata keseluruhan skor game versi head-movement tracking dan versi hand tracking, adalah 4,241 dan 4,324. Hasil pengujian faktor telepresence menggunakan metode The Temple Presence Inventory, total keseluruhan skor game versi head-movement tracking dan versi hand tracking, adalah 53,59 dan 64,46. Hasil pengujian faktor controller naturalness menggunakan metode Skalski’s Controller Naturalness Scale, total keseluruhan skor game versi head-movement tracking dan versi hand tracking, adalah 56,3 dan 62,3. Hasil pengujian faktor cybersickness menggunakan metode Cybersickness in Virtual Reality Questionnaire, total keseluruhan skor game versi head-movement tracking dan versi hand tracking, adalah 16,83 dan 16.
Referensi
Cruz-Neira, C., Fernández, M., & Portalés, C. (2018). Virtual reality and games. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 2(1), 8.
Emmelkamp, P. M., & Meyerbröker, K., 2021. Virtual reality therapy in mental health. Annual review of clinical psychology, 17, 495-519.
Emspak, J., 2016. What Is Virtual Reality? Live Science. https://www.livescience.com/54116-virtual-reality.html.
Fullerton, T., 2014. Game design workshop: a playcentric approach to creating innovative game. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Graybiel, A., & Knepton, J. (1976). Sopite syndrome: a sometimes sole manifestation of motion sickness. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 47(8), 873-882.
Hapip, A. D., 2001. Kamus Banjar Indonesia. Cetakan Ketiga. Banjarmasin: Percetakan PT. Grafika Wangi Kalimantan – Banjarmasin Post Group.
International Society for Presence Research, 2000. The concept of presence: Explication statement. http://ispr.info/.
Kourtesis, P., & MacPherson, S. E., 2021. How immersive virtual reality methods may meet the criteria of the National Academy of Neuropsychology and American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology: A software review of the Virtual Reality Everyday Assessment Lab (VR-EAL). Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 4, 100151.
Kourtesis, P., Linnell, J., Amir, R., Argelaguet, F., & MacPherson, S. E., 2023.
Cybersickness in virtual reality questionnaire (csq-vr): A validation and comparison against ssq and vrsq. In Virtual Worlds (Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 16-35). MDPI.
Lawson, B. D., 2014. Motion sickness symptomatology and origins. In K. S. Hale & K. M. Stanney (Eds.), Handbook of virtual environments: Design, implementation, and applications (2nd ed., pp. 531–600). CRC Press.
Lombard, M., & Ditton, T., 1997. At the heart of it all: The concept of presence. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 3(2), JCMC321.
Lombard, M., Ditton, T. B., & Weinstein, L., 2009. Measuring presence: the temple presence inventory. In Proceedings of the 12th annual international workshop on presence (pp. 1-15).
McCauley, M. E., & Sharkey, T. J., 1992. Cybersickness: Perception of self-motion in virtual environments. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 1(3), 311-318.
Meta. (n.d.). Getting started with Hand Tracking on Meta Quest headsets. Retrieved September 11, 2023, from https://www.meta.com/help/quest/articles/headsets-and-accessories/controllers-and-hand-tracking/hand-tracking-quest-2/.
Radianti, J., Majchrzak, T. A., Fromm, J., & Wohlgenannt, I., 2020. A systematic review of immersive virtual reality applications for higher education: Design elements, lessons learned, and research agenda. Computers & Education, 147, 103778.
Ramadan, R., & Widyani, Y., 2013. Game development life cycle guidelines. In 2013 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems (ICACSIS) (pp. 95-100). IEEE.
Seman, M. S., 2019. Wadai Banjar 41 Macam. Cetakan Kedelapan. Banjarmasin: Lembaga Pendidikan Banua.
Shafer, D. M., Carbonara, C. P., & Popova, L. (2011). Spatial presence and perceived reality as predictors of motion-based video game enjoyment. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 20(6), 591-619.
Shroff, R., Ting, F., & Lam, W. H., 2019. A conceptual framework for immersion and flow in digital game-based learning: An example of a game-based classroom response system. Ubiquitous Learning, 12(3), 41.
Sihite, B., Samopa, F. dan Sani, N. A., 2013. Pembuatan Aplikasi 3D Viewer Mobile dengan Menggunakan Teknologi Virtual Reality (Studi Kasus: Perobekan Bendera Belanda di Hotel Majapahit). Jurnal Teknik ITS, 2(2), pp. A397-A400.
Skalski, P., Tamborini, R., Shelton, A., Buncher, M., dan Lindmark, P., 2011. Mapping the road to fun: Natural game controllers, presence, and game enjoyment. New Media & Society, 13(2), 224-242.
Stanney, K. M., Hale, K. S., Nahmens, I., & Kennedy, R. S., 2003. What to expect from immersive virtual environment exposure: Influences of gender, body mass index, and past experience. Human Factors, 45(3), 504–520. https://doi.org/10.1518/hfes.45.3.504.27254.
Stanney, K. M., Kennedy, R. S., & Hale, K. S., 2014. Virtual environments usage protocols. In K. S. Hale & K. M. Stanney (Eds.), Handbook of Virtual Environments: Design, Implementation, and Applications (2nd ed., pp. 797–809). CRC Press.
Steuer, J., 1992. Defining Virtual Reality: Dimensions Determining Telepresence.
Journal of Communication, 42 (4), 73-93. Future Generation Computer Systems, 94, 302-316.
Sukamto, R. A. dan Shalahuddin, M., 2011. Modul Pembelajaran Rekayasa (Terstruktur dan Berorientasi Objek). Bandung: Modula.
Sweetser, P. dan Wyeth, P., 2005. GameFlow: a model for evaluating player enjoyment in game. Computers in Entertainment (CIE), 3(3), pp.3-3.
Tamborini, R., & Skalski, P., 2006. The role of presence in the experience of electronic games In Vorderer P & Bryant J (Eds.), Playing video games: Motives, responses, and consequences (pp. 225–240).
Tolle, H., Pinandito, A., Jonemaro, E.M.A. dan Arai, K., 2015. Virtual reality game controlled with user’s head and body movement detection using smartphone sensors. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(20), pp.9776-9782.
Usoh, M., Arthur, K., Whitton, M. C., Bastos, R., Steed, A., Slater, M., & Brooks Jr, F. P. (1999, July). Walking> walking-in-place> flying, in virtual environments. In Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques (pp. 359-364).
Von Neumann, J. dan Morgenstern, O., 2007. Theory of game and economic behavior. Princeton: Princeton university press.
Xie, B., Liu, H., Alghofaili, R., Zhang, Y., Jiang, Y., Lobo, F. D., ... & Yu, L. F., 2021. A review on virtual reality skill training applications. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 2, 645153.
Cruz-Neira, C., Fernández, M., & Portalés, C. (2018). Virtual reality and games. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 2(1), 8.
Emmelkamp, P. M., & Meyerbröker, K., 2021. Virtual reality therapy in mental health. Annual review of clinical psychology, 17, 495-519.
Emspak, J., 2016. What Is Virtual Reality? Live Science. https://www.livescience.com/54116-virtual-reality.html.
Fullerton, T., 2014. Game design workshop: a playcentric approach to creating innovative game. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Graybiel, A., & Knepton, J. (1976). Sopite syndrome: a sometimes sole manifestation of motion sickness. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 47(8), 873-882.
Hapip, A. D., 2001. Kamus Banjar Indonesia. Cetakan Ketiga. Banjarmasin: Percetakan PT. Grafika Wangi Kalimantan – Banjarmasin Post Group.
International Society for Presence Research, 2000. The concept of presence: Explication statement. http://ispr.info/.
Kourtesis, P., & MacPherson, S. E., 2021. How immersive virtual reality methods may meet the criteria of the National Academy of Neuropsychology and American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology: A software review of the Virtual Reality Everyday Assessment Lab (VR-EAL). Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 4, 100151.
Kourtesis, P., Linnell, J., Amir, R., Argelaguet, F., & MacPherson, S. E., 2023.
Cybersickness in virtual reality questionnaire (csq-vr): A validation and comparison against ssq and vrsq. In Virtual Worlds (Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 16-35). MDPI.
Lawson, B. D., 2014. Motion sickness symptomatology and origins. In K. S. Hale & K. M. Stanney (Eds.), Handbook of virtual environments: Design, implementation, and applications (2nd ed., pp. 531–600). CRC Press.
Lombard, M., & Ditton, T., 1997. At the heart of it all: The concept of presence. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 3(2), JCMC321.
Lombard, M., Ditton, T. B., & Weinstein, L., 2009. Measuring presence: the temple presence inventory. In Proceedings of the 12th annual international workshop on presence (pp. 1-15).
McCauley, M. E., & Sharkey, T. J., 1992. Cybersickness: Perception of self-motion in virtual environments. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 1(3), 311-318.
Meta. (n.d.). Getting started with Hand Tracking on Meta Quest headsets. Retrieved September 11, 2023, from https://www.meta.com/help/quest/articles/headsets-and-accessories/controllers-and-hand-tracking/hand-tracking-quest-2/.
Radianti, J., Majchrzak, T. A., Fromm, J., & Wohlgenannt, I., 2020. A systematic review of immersive virtual reality applications for higher education: Design elements, lessons learned, and research agenda. Computers & Education, 147, 103778.
Ramadan, R., & Widyani, Y., 2013. Game development life cycle guidelines. In 2013 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems (ICACSIS) (pp. 95-100). IEEE.
Seman, M. S., 2019. Wadai Banjar 41 Macam. Cetakan Kedelapan. Banjarmasin: Lembaga Pendidikan Banua.
Shafer, D. M., Carbonara, C. P., & Popova, L. (2011). Spatial presence and perceived reality as predictors of motion-based video game enjoyment. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 20(6), 591-619.
Shroff, R., Ting, F., & Lam, W. H., 2019. A conceptual framework for immersion and flow in digital game-based learning: An example of a game-based classroom response system. Ubiquitous Learning, 12(3), 41.
Sihite, B., Samopa, F. dan Sani, N. A., 2013. Pembuatan Aplikasi 3D Viewer Mobile dengan Menggunakan Teknologi Virtual Reality (Studi Kasus: Perobekan Bendera Belanda di Hotel Majapahit). Jurnal Teknik ITS, 2(2), pp. A397-A400.
Skalski, P., Tamborini, R., Shelton, A., Buncher, M., dan Lindmark, P., 2011. Mapping the road to fun: Natural game controllers, presence, and game enjoyment. New Media & Society, 13(2), 224-242.
Stanney, K. M., Hale, K. S., Nahmens, I., & Kennedy, R. S., 2003. What to expect from immersive virtual environment exposure: Influences of gender, body mass index, and past experience. Human Factors, 45(3), 504–520. https://doi.org/10.1518/hfes.45.3.504.27254.
Stanney, K. M., Kennedy, R. S., & Hale, K. S., 2014. Virtual environments usage protocols. In K. S. Hale & K. M. Stanney (Eds.), Handbook of Virtual Environments: Design, Implementation, and Applications (2nd ed., pp. 797–809). CRC Press.
Steuer, J., 1992. Defining Virtual Reality: Dimensions Determining Telepresence.
Journal of Communication, 42 (4), 73-93. Future Generation Computer Systems, 94, 302-316.
Sukamto, R. A. dan Shalahuddin, M., 2011. Modul Pembelajaran Rekayasa (Terstruktur dan Berorientasi Objek). Bandung: Modula.
Sweetser, P. dan Wyeth, P., 2005. GameFlow: a model for evaluating player enjoyment in game. Computers in Entertainment (CIE), 3(3), pp.3-3.
Tamborini, R., & Skalski, P., 2006. The role of presence in the experience of electronic games In Vorderer P & Bryant J (Eds.), Playing video games: Motives, responses, and consequences (pp. 225–240).
Tolle, H., Pinandito, A., Jonemaro, E.M.A. dan Arai, K., 2015. Virtual reality game controlled with user’s head and body movement detection using smartphone sensors. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(20), pp.9776-9782.
Usoh, M., Arthur, K., Whitton, M. C., Bastos, R., Steed, A., Slater, M., & Brooks Jr, F. P. (1999, July). Walking> walking-in-place> flying, in virtual environments. In Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques (pp. 359-364).
Von Neumann, J. dan Morgenstern, O., 2007. Theory of game and economic behavior. Princeton: Princeton university press.
Xie, B., Liu, H., Alghofaili, R., Zhang, Y., Jiang, Y., Lobo, F. D., ... & Yu, L. F., 2021. A review on virtual reality skill training applications. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 2, 645153.
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