Sistem Monitoring Target Heart Rate pada Aktivitas Berlari menggunakan Sensor MAX30102 Berbasis ESP-32
Kata Kunci:
Detak Jantung, Photoplethysmography, Sistem Pendeteksi, Target Heart RateAbstrak
Aktivitas berlari memberikan banyak manfaat jasmani dan rohani seperti menjaga kesehatan jantung, sistem peredaran darah dan membantu menjaga kesehatan mental. Akan tetapi, berlari dengan intensitas yang berlebihan sangat berisiko terpapar penyakit - penyakit kardiovaskular yang bahkan dapat menyebabkan kematian. Untuk itu, diperlukan sistem monitoring detak jantung yang membantu memantau detak jantung selama berlari. Sistem ini dirancang untuk membantu pengguna tetap dalam target heart rate mereka, yaitu rentang detak jantung yang optimal untuk mendapatkan lebih banyak manfaat tanpa risiko cedera atau penyakit kardiovaskular yang mungkin didapat jika latihan secara berlebihan. Sistem yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sensor Photoplethysmography berupa Sensor MAX30102 yang terhubung ke ESP-32 untuk mengukur detak jantung. Data detak jantung akan difilter menggunakan filter moving average yang kemudian akan ditampilkan secara real-time pada layar OLED. Jika detak jantung melebihi batas yang telah ditentukan, sistem akan memberikan umpan balik berupa getaran melalui vibration motor yang terhubung ke ESP-32. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem ini mampu mengukur detak jantung dengan akurat dan memberikan umpan balik yang sesuai saat detak jantung pengguna melebihi batas yang telah ditentukan. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah sistem monitoring detak jantung yang dikembangkan berhasil memenuhi tujuan dari penelitian ini, yakni membuat alat yang efektif dan akurat untuk memantau detak jantung saat berolahraga. Sistem ini diharapkan dapat menjadi alat yang bermanfaat bagi pengguna dalam menjaga kesehatan kardiovaskular dan meningkatkan kualitas latihan mereka.
Referensi
ALLEN, J. (2007). Photoplethysmography and its application in clinical physiological measurement. In Physiological Measurement (Vol. 28, Issue 3). Institute of Physics Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/28/3/R01
AN, A., AL-FAWA’REH, M., & KANG, J. J. (2022). Enhanced Heart Rate Prediction Model Using Damped Least-Squares Algorithm. Sensors, 22(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249679
AN UYUNG PRAMUDIARJA. (2021, May 30). Terpopuler: Makna “Heart Rate 180” di Balik Meninggalnya Pesepeda Road Bike. Detik, 1–2.
CASTELLI, D. M., HILLMAN, C. H., HIRSCH, J., HIRSCH, A., & DROLLETTE, E. (2011). FIT Kids: Time in target heart zone and cognitive performance. Preventive Medicine, 52(SUPPL.), S55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.01.019
DEMPSEY, P. C., ROWLANDS, A. V., STRAIN, T., ZACCARDI, F., DAWKINS, N., RAZIEH, C., DAVIES, M. J., KHUNTI, K. K., EDWARDSON, C. L., WIJNDAELE, K., BRAGE, S., & YATES, T. (2022). Physical activity volume, intensity, and incident cardiovascular disease. European Heart Journal, 43(46), 4789–4800. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac613
DWYER, M. J., PASINI, M., DE DOMINICIS, S., & RIGHI, E. (2020). Physical activity: Benefits and challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports (Vol. 30, Issue 7, pp. 1291–1294). Blackwell Munksgaard. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13710
GARAVAGLIA, L., GULICH, D., DEFEO, M. M., MAILLAND, J. T., & IRURZUN, I. M. (2021). The effect of age on the heart rate variability of healthy subjects. PLoS ONE, 16(10 October). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255894
GONÇALVES, C., PARRACA, J. A., BRAVO, J., ABREU, A., PAIS, J., RAIMUNDO, A., & CLEMENTE-SUÁREZ, V. J. (2023). Influence of Two Exercise Programs on Heart Rate Variability, Body Temperature, Central Nervous System Fatigue, and Cortical Arousal after a Heart Attack. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010199
How the heart works. (2023, November 28). NHS. https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/heart-and-blood-vessels/about-the-heart/how-the-heart-works/
JEFFERY P. KOPLAN, M. M., KENNETH E. POWELL, M. M., R. KEITH SIKES, D. M., RENEE W. SHIRLEY, & C. C. CAMPBELL, M. M. (1982). An Epidemiologic Study of the Benefits and Risks of Running. Journal of the American Medical Association, 248(23), 3118–3121.
LIM, B. D., CHONG, K. S., TIANG, S. S., LIM, W. H., MOKAYEF, M., & TAN, B. S. (2024). Development of a Wireless Real-Time Computation System for Fast and Accurate Heart Rate Monitoring using Photoplethysmography (PPG) Signals. 2023 IEEE 16th Malaysia International Conference on Communication (MICC), 129–134. https://doi.org/10.1109/micc59384.2023.10419458
LUO, Q., ZHUANG, B., LI, G., JIANG, Y., WANG, Q., YUAN, J., CHENG, J., SHEN, T., ZHAN, M., LI, D., ZHA, Y., LUO, L., WANG, L., SONG, H., & SHEN, Y. (2023). Consistency evaluation of exercise target heart rate determined by Resting Heart Rate and anaerobic threshold in chronic heart failure patients. International Journal of Cardiology, 381, 52–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.03.056
MARINI, C. F., FEDERICI, A., SKINNER, J. S., PICCOLI, G., STOCCHI, V., ZOFFOLI, L., CORREALE, L., DELL’ANNA, S., NALDINI, C. A., VANDONI, M., & LUCERTINI, F. (2022). Effect of steady-state aerobic exercise intensity and duration on the relationship between reserves of heart rate and oxygen uptake. PeerJ, 10. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13190
MEHTA, A., KONDAMUDI, N., LAUKKANEN, J. A., WISLOFF, U., FRANKLIN, B. A., ARENA, R., LAVIE, C. J., & PANDEY, A. (2020). Running away from cardiovascular disease at the right speed: The impact of aerobic physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on cardiovascular disease risk and associated subclinical phenotypes. In Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases (Vol. 63, Issue 6, pp. 762–774). W.B. Saunders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2020.11.004
MISHRA, B., & NIRALA, N. S. (2020). A Survey on Denoising Techniques of PPG Signal. 2020 IEEE International Conference for Innovation in Technology (INOCON).
OH, D.-J., HONG, H.-O., & LEE, B.-A. (2016). The effects of strenuous exercises on Resting Heart Rate, blood pressure, and maximal oxygen uptake. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 12(1), 42–46. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.150258
OSWALD, F., CAMPBELL, J., WILLIAMSON, C., RICHARDS, J., & KELLY, P. (2020). A scoping review of the relationship between running and mental health. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Vol. 17, Issue 21, pp. 1–39). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218059
PARRY-WILLIAMS, G., & SHARMA, S. (2020). The effects of endurance exercise on the heart: panacea or poison? In Nature Reviews Cardiology (Vol. 17, Issue 7, pp. 402–412). Nature Research. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-020-0354-3
REIMERS, A. K., KNAPP, G., & REIMERS, C. D. (2018). Effects of exercise on the Resting Heart Rate: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies. In Journal of Clinical Medicine (Vol. 7, Issue 12). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7120503
SCHUCH, F. B., & VANCAMPFORT, D. (2021). Physical activity, exercise, and mental disorders: it is time to move on. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 43(3), 177–184. https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0237
SERAVALLE, G., & GRASSI, G. (2020). Heart rate as cardiovascular risk factor. In Postgraduate Medicine (Vol. 132, Issue 4, pp. 358–367). Taylor and Francis Inc. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2020.1738142
VALENZUELA, P. L., RUILOPE, L. M., SANTOS-LOZANO, A., WILHELM, M., KRÄNKEL, N., FIUZA-LUCES, C., & LUCIA, A. (2023). Exercise benefits in cardiovascular diseases: from mechanisms to clinical implementation. In European Heart Journal (Vol. 44, Issue 21, pp. 1874–1889). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad170
ALLEN, J. (2007). Photoplethysmography and its application in clinical physiological measurement. In Physiological Measurement (Vol. 28, Issue 3). Institute of Physics Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/28/3/R01
AN, A., AL-FAWA’REH, M., & KANG, J. J. (2022). Enhanced Heart Rate Prediction Model Using Damped Least-Squares Algorithm. Sensors, 22(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249679
AN UYUNG PRAMUDIARJA. (2021, May 30). Terpopuler: Makna “Heart Rate 180” di Balik Meninggalnya Pesepeda Road Bike. Detik, 1–2.
CASTELLI, D. M., HILLMAN, C. H., HIRSCH, J., HIRSCH, A., & DROLLETTE, E. (2011). FIT Kids: Time in target heart zone and cognitive performance. Preventive Medicine, 52(SUPPL.), S55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.01.019
DEMPSEY, P. C., ROWLANDS, A. V., STRAIN, T., ZACCARDI, F., DAWKINS, N., RAZIEH, C., DAVIES, M. J., KHUNTI, K. K., EDWARDSON, C. L., WIJNDAELE, K., BRAGE, S., & YATES, T. (2022). Physical activity volume, intensity, and incident cardiovascular disease. European Heart Journal, 43(46), 4789–4800. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac613
DWYER, M. J., PASINI, M., DE DOMINICIS, S., & RIGHI, E. (2020). Physical activity: Benefits and challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports (Vol. 30, Issue 7, pp. 1291–1294). Blackwell Munksgaard. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13710
GARAVAGLIA, L., GULICH, D., DEFEO, M. M., MAILLAND, J. T., & IRURZUN, I. M. (2021). The effect of age on the heart rate variability of healthy subjects. PLoS ONE, 16(10 October). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255894
GONÇALVES, C., PARRACA, J. A., BRAVO, J., ABREU, A., PAIS, J., RAIMUNDO, A., & CLEMENTE-SUÁREZ, V. J. (2023). Influence of Two Exercise Programs on Heart Rate Variability, Body Temperature, Central Nervous System Fatigue, and Cortical Arousal after a Heart Attack. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010199
How the heart works. (2023, November 28). NHS. https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/heart-and-blood-vessels/about-the-heart/how-the-heart-works/
JEFFERY P. KOPLAN, M. M., KENNETH E. POWELL, M. M., R. KEITH SIKES, D. M., RENEE W. SHIRLEY, & C. C. CAMPBELL, M. M. (1982). An Epidemiologic Study of the Benefits and Risks of Running. Journal of the American Medical Association, 248(23), 3118–3121.
LIM, B. D., CHONG, K. S., TIANG, S. S., LIM, W. H., MOKAYEF, M., & TAN, B. S. (2024). Development of a Wireless Real-Time Computation System for Fast and Accurate Heart Rate Monitoring using Photoplethysmography (PPG) Signals. 2023 IEEE 16th Malaysia International Conference on Communication (MICC), 129–134. https://doi.org/10.1109/micc59384.2023.10419458
LUO, Q., ZHUANG, B., LI, G., JIANG, Y., WANG, Q., YUAN, J., CHENG, J., SHEN, T., ZHAN, M., LI, D., ZHA, Y., LUO, L., WANG, L., SONG, H., & SHEN, Y. (2023). Consistency evaluation of exercise target heart rate determined by Resting Heart Rate and anaerobic threshold in chronic heart failure patients. International Journal of Cardiology, 381, 52–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.03.056
MARINI, C. F., FEDERICI, A., SKINNER, J. S., PICCOLI, G., STOCCHI, V., ZOFFOLI, L., CORREALE, L., DELL’ANNA, S., NALDINI, C. A., VANDONI, M., & LUCERTINI, F. (2022). Effect of steady-state aerobic exercise intensity and duration on the relationship between reserves of heart rate and oxygen uptake. PeerJ, 10. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13190
MEHTA, A., KONDAMUDI, N., LAUKKANEN, J. A., WISLOFF, U., FRANKLIN, B. A., ARENA, R., LAVIE, C. J., & PANDEY, A. (2020). Running away from cardiovascular disease at the right speed: The impact of aerobic physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on cardiovascular disease risk and associated subclinical phenotypes. In Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases (Vol. 63, Issue 6, pp. 762–774). W.B. Saunders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2020.11.004
MISHRA, B., & NIRALA, N. S. (2020). A Survey on Denoising Techniques of PPG Signal. 2020 IEEE International Conference for Innovation in Technology (INOCON).
OH, D.-J., HONG, H.-O., & LEE, B.-A. (2016). The effects of strenuous exercises on Resting Heart Rate, blood pressure, and maximal oxygen uptake. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 12(1), 42–46. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.150258
OSWALD, F., CAMPBELL, J., WILLIAMSON, C., RICHARDS, J., & KELLY, P. (2020). A scoping review of the relationship between running and mental health. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Vol. 17, Issue 21, pp. 1–39). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218059
PARRY-WILLIAMS, G., & SHARMA, S. (2020). The effects of endurance exercise on the heart: panacea or poison? In Nature Reviews Cardiology (Vol. 17, Issue 7, pp. 402–412). Nature Research. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-020-0354-3
REIMERS, A. K., KNAPP, G., & REIMERS, C. D. (2018). Effects of exercise on the Resting Heart Rate: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies. In Journal of Clinical Medicine (Vol. 7, Issue 12). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7120503
SCHUCH, F. B., & VANCAMPFORT, D. (2021). Physical activity, exercise, and mental disorders: it is time to move on. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 43(3), 177–184. https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0237
SERAVALLE, G., & GRASSI, G. (2020). Heart rate as cardiovascular risk factor. In Postgraduate Medicine (Vol. 132, Issue 4, pp. 358–367). Taylor and Francis Inc. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2020.1738142
VALENZUELA, P. L., RUILOPE, L. M., SANTOS-LOZANO, A., WILHELM, M., KRÄNKEL, N., FIUZA-LUCES, C., & LUCIA, A. (2023). Exercise benefits in cardiovascular diseases: from mechanisms to clinical implementation. In European Heart Journal (Vol. 44, Issue 21, pp. 1874–1889). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad170
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