Implementasi Jaringan Permissioned Blockchain pada Sistem E-Voting Pemilwa untuk Menjamin Autentikasi Pemilih dan Integritas Data
Kata Kunci:
e-voting, blockchain, permissioned blockchain, hyperledger fabric, autentikasi pemilih, integritas dataAbstrak
Pemilihan mahasiswa telah mengadopsi sistem e-voting karena menawarkan kelebihan dibandingkan pemilihan secara tradisional, seperti penghitungan suara yang lebih cepat dan meminimalisir kesalahan manusia. Namun, sistem e-voting yang hanya mengandalkan database untuk autentikasi pemilih dan penyimpanan data suara, dapat menjadi rentan terhadap manipulasi pihak tidak berwenang dan serangan siber, sehingga membuat kepercayaan pemilih berkurang. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini mengembangkan dan mengimplementasikan jaringan permissioned blockchain berbasis Hyperledger Fabric pada sistem e-voting pemilihan mahasiswa. Sistem ini dirancang menggunakan dua ledger terpisah, yaitu ledger autentikasi untuk menyimpan data hash autentikasi pemilih dan ledger voting untuk menyimpan data hash suara. Kemudian, logika untuk proses autentikasi dan mengecek validasi suara adalah dengan membandingkan nilai hash di database dengan nilai hash di ledger. Melalui pendekatan blockchain yang terdesentralisasi dan sifatnya yang immutable atau tidak dapat diubah, proses autentikasi dan integritas data suara menjadi lebih aman. Untuk mengevaluasi fungsionalitas sistem e-voting yang dikembangkan terkait jaminan autentikasi pemilih dan integritas suara voting, akan dilakukan beberapa skenario pengujian. Beberapa skenario pengujian, antara lain yaitu percobaan duplikasi suara, percobaan manipulasi terhadap akses memilih pemilih pada database, dan percobaan manipulasi pilihan kandidat pada data suara di database. Hasil pengujian terhadap sistem menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu mencegah duplikasi suara, mencegah manipulasi akses pemilih, dan mencegah manipulasi pilihan kandidat pada data suara. Hasil ini menawarkan solusi sistem e-voting pemilwa dengan jaminan proses autentikasi pemilih dan integritas data suara terhadap manipulasi data.
Referensi
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Al-Maaitah, S., Qatawneh, M., & Quzmar, A. (2021). E-Voting System Based on Blockchain Technology: A Survey. 2021 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT), 200–205. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT52682.2021.9491734
Baudier, P., Kondrateva, G., Ammi, C., & Seulliet, E. (2021). Peace engineering: The contribution of blockchain systems to the e-voting process. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 162, 120397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120397
Benabdallah, A., Audras, A., Coudert, L., El Madhoun, N., & Badra, M. (2022). Analysis of Blockchain Solutions for E-Voting: A Systematic Literature Review. IEEE Access, 10, 70746–70759. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3187688
Christyono, B. B. A., Widjaja, M., & Wicaksana, A. (2021). Go-Ethereum for electronic voting system using clique as proof-of-authority. TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control), 19(5), 1565. https://doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v19i5.20415
Denis González, C., Frias Mena, D., Massó Muñoz, A., Rojas, O., & Sosa-Gómez, G. (2022). Electronic Voting System Using an Enterprise Blockchain. Applied Sciences, 12(2), 531. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020531
Faruk, M. J. H., Saha, B., Islam, M., Alam, F., Shahriar, H., Valero, M., Rahman, A., Wu, F., & Alam, Z. (2022). Development of Blockchain-based e-Voting System: Requirements, Design and Security Perspective. 2022 IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), 959–967. https://doi.org/10.1109/TrustCom56396.2022.00132
hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io
Kho, Y.-X., Heng, S.-H., & Chin, J.-J. (2022). A Review of Cryptographic Electronic Voting. Symmetry, 14(5), 858. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14050858
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Pawlak, M., & Poniszewska-Marańda, A. (2021). Trends in blockchain-based electronic voting systems. Information Processing & Management, 58(4), 102595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102595
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Tabatabaei, M. H., Vitenberg, R., & Veeraragavan, N. R. (2023). Understanding blockchain: Definitions, architecture, design, and system comparison. Computer Science Review, 50, 100575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosrev.2023.100575
Taş, R., & Tanrıöver, Ö. Ö. (2020). A Systematic Review of Challenges and Opportunities of Blockchain for E-Voting. Symmetry, 12(8), 1328. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081328
Toumia, S. B., Berger, C., & Reiser, H. P. (2021). Evaluating Blockchain Application Requirements and their Satisfaction in Hyperledger Fabric (No. arXiv:2111.15399). arXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/2111.15399
Vladucu, M.-V., Dong, Z., Medina, J., & Rojas-Cessa, R. (2023). E-Voting Meets Blockchain: A Survey. IEEE Access, 11, 23293–23308. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3253682
web.mtsn3padang.sch.id
Widayanti, R., Aini, Q., Haryani, H., Lutfiani, N., & Apriliasari, D. (2021). Decentralized Electronic Vote Based on Blockchain P2P. 2021 9th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/CITSM52892.2021.9588851
Willysandro, H., Setiawan, J., & Sulaiman, A. (2021). Designing a Blockchain-Based Pemilu E-Voting Information System. IJNMT (International Journal of New Media Technology), 8(1), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.31937/ijnmt.v8i1.1865
Zhou, E., Sun, H., Pi, B., Sun, J., Yamashita, K., & Nomura, Y. (2019). Ledgerdata Refiner: A Powerful Ledger Data Query Platform for Hyperledger Fabric. 2019 Sixth International Conference on Internet of Things: Systems, Management and Security (IOTSMS), 433–440. https://doi.org/10.1109/IOTSMS48152.2019.8939212
Abdorrahimi, B., Nekouie, A., Rahmani, A. M., Lansky, J., Nulíček, V., Hosseinzadeh, M., & Moattar, M. H. (2024). Blockchain technology and raft consensus for secure physician prescriptions and improved diagnoses in electronic healthcare systems. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 15692. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66746-y
Al-Maaitah, S., Qatawneh, M., & Quzmar, A. (2021). E-Voting System Based on Blockchain Technology: A Survey. 2021 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT), 200–205. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT52682.2021.9491734
Baudier, P., Kondrateva, G., Ammi, C., & Seulliet, E. (2021). Peace engineering: The contribution of blockchain systems to the e-voting process. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 162, 120397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120397
Benabdallah, A., Audras, A., Coudert, L., El Madhoun, N., & Badra, M. (2022). Analysis of Blockchain Solutions for E-Voting: A Systematic Literature Review. IEEE Access, 10, 70746–70759. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3187688
Christyono, B. B. A., Widjaja, M., & Wicaksana, A. (2021). Go-Ethereum for electronic voting system using clique as proof-of-authority. TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control), 19(5), 1565. https://doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v19i5.20415
Denis González, C., Frias Mena, D., Massó Muñoz, A., Rojas, O., & Sosa-Gómez, G. (2022). Electronic Voting System Using an Enterprise Blockchain. Applied Sciences, 12(2), 531. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020531
Faruk, M. J. H., Saha, B., Islam, M., Alam, F., Shahriar, H., Valero, M., Rahman, A., Wu, F., & Alam, Z. (2022). Development of Blockchain-based e-Voting System: Requirements, Design and Security Perspective. 2022 IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), 959–967. https://doi.org/10.1109/TrustCom56396.2022.00132
hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io
Kho, Y.-X., Heng, S.-H., & Chin, J.-J. (2022). A Review of Cryptographic Electronic Voting. Symmetry, 14(5), 858. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14050858
Lin, S.-Y., Zhang, L., Li, J., Ji, L., & Sun, Y. (2022). A survey of application research based on blockchain smart contract. Wireless Networks, 28(2), 635–690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-021-02874-x
Oprea, S.-V., Bâra, A., Andreescu, A.-I., & Cristescu, M. P. (2023). Conceptual Architecture of a Blockchain Solution for E-Voting in Elections at the University Level. IEEE Access, 11, 18461–18474. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3247964
Pawlak, M., & Poniszewska-Marańda, A. (2021). Trends in blockchain-based electronic voting systems. Information Processing & Management, 58(4), 102595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102595
Sallal, M., De Fréin, R., & Malik, A. (2023). PVPBC: Privacy and Verifiability Preserving E-Voting Based on Permissioned Blockchain. Future Internet, 15(4), 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15040121
Saravanan, P., Boopathy, D., Sankar, C., & Joseph, A. J. J. (2023). Design of an Elliptic Curve Cryptography Encrypted Blockchain-based Electoral System. 2023 2nd International Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computing (ICAAIC), 1633–1637. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAAIC56838.2023.10141247
Seftyanto, D., Amiruddin, A., & Hakim, A. R. (2019). Design of Blockchain-Based Electronic Election System Using Hyperledger: Case of Indonesia. 2019 4th International Conference on Information Technology, Information Systems and Electrical Engineering (ICITISEE), 228–233. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITISEE48480.2019.9003768
Tabatabaei, M. H., Vitenberg, R., & Veeraragavan, N. R. (2023). Understanding blockchain: Definitions, architecture, design, and system comparison. Computer Science Review, 50, 100575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosrev.2023.100575
Taş, R., & Tanrıöver, Ö. Ö. (2020). A Systematic Review of Challenges and Opportunities of Blockchain for E-Voting. Symmetry, 12(8), 1328. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12081328
Toumia, S. B., Berger, C., & Reiser, H. P. (2021). Evaluating Blockchain Application Requirements and their Satisfaction in Hyperledger Fabric (No. arXiv:2111.15399). arXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/2111.15399
Vladucu, M.-V., Dong, Z., Medina, J., & Rojas-Cessa, R. (2023). E-Voting Meets Blockchain: A Survey. IEEE Access, 11, 23293–23308. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3253682
web.mtsn3padang.sch.id
Widayanti, R., Aini, Q., Haryani, H., Lutfiani, N., & Apriliasari, D. (2021). Decentralized Electronic Vote Based on Blockchain P2P. 2021 9th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/CITSM52892.2021.9588851
Willysandro, H., Setiawan, J., & Sulaiman, A. (2021). Designing a Blockchain-Based Pemilu E-Voting Information System. IJNMT (International Journal of New Media Technology), 8(1), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.31937/ijnmt.v8i1.1865
Zhou, E., Sun, H., Pi, B., Sun, J., Yamashita, K., & Nomura, Y. (2019). Ledgerdata Refiner: A Powerful Ledger Data Query Platform for Hyperledger Fabric. 2019 Sixth International Conference on Internet of Things: Systems, Management and Security (IOTSMS), 433–440. https://doi.org/10.1109/IOTSMS48152.2019.8939212
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