Analisis Pengaruh Android Auto dan Ponsel Android Terhadap Fokus Mengemudi dalam Simulated Driving Environment
Kata Kunci:
fokus mengemudi, Android Auto, ponsel Android, In-Vehicle Information System (IVIS), simulasi berkendaraAbstrak
Penelitian ini mengevaluasi dampak penggunaan Android Auto dan ponsel Android terhadap fokus mengemudi dalam lingkungan simulasi. Fokus utama penelitian adalah membandingkan efektivitas kedua teknologi dalam menjaga konsentrasi pengemudi serta mengidentifikasi skenario penggunaan yang paling berdampak pada penurunan fokus. Sepuluh partisipan berusia 20–30 tahun menjalani empat skenario simulasi, yaitu membaca peta, mengatur musik, membaca pesan, dan menerima panggilan telepon. Setiap skenario diulang tiga kali untuk kedua kondisi. Data berupa waktu reaksi dan jumlah kesalahan dianalisis menggunakan Repeated Measures ANOVA dan Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Android Auto secara signifikan lebih unggul dibandingkan ponsel Android dalam menjaga fokus pengemudi, ditandai dengan waktu reaksi lebih cepat dan jumlah kesalahan lebih rendah. Skenario membaca peta dengan ponsel Android menghasilkan gangguan tertinggi, sedangkan mengatur musik dengan Android Auto menjadi skenario paling minim gangguan. Temuan ini menunjukkan potensi Android Auto dalam meningkatkan keselamatan berkendara melalui interaksi yang lebih aman. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pengembangan sistem infotainment berbasis antarmuka minimalis dan peningkatan edukasi keselamatan berkendara berbasis teknologi.
Referensi
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Asyari, H., Maulana, F., Muhammad, K. and Imran, R.A., 2022. Pengaruh Driving Distraction Penggunaan Smartphone terhadap Pengemudi sebagai Penyebab Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas dengan Multilevel Factorial, Dinamika Rekayasa, 18(1), pp. 99-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.dr.2022.18.1.521.
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2022. Cell Phone Use and Texting While Driving Facts and Statistics. [online] Teen Driver Source. Tersedia di: https://teendriversource.research.chop.edu/teen-crash-risks-prevention/distracted-driving/cell-phones [Diakses 24 September 2024].
Endsley, M.R., 2021. SITUATION AWARENESS. HANDBOOK OF HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS, pp.434–455. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119636113.ch17.
Gaikindo, 2023. Kecelakaan lalu-lintas 2023 Naik, jawa timur tertinggi – GAIKINDO. [online] GAIKINDO – Gabungan Industri Kendaraan Bermotor Indonesia. Tersedia di: https://www.gaikindo.or.id/kecelakaan-lalu-lintas-2023-naik-jawa-timur-tertinggi/ [Diakses 30 September 2024].
Gastwirth, J., Gel, Y., & Miao, W., 2009. The impact of Levene’s test of equality of variances on statistical theory and practice. Quality Engineering, 24, pp. 343. https://doi.org/10.1214/09-STS301.
George, A., Brown, P., Scholz, B., Scott-Parker, B., & Rickwood, D., 2018. “I need to skip a song because it sucks”: Exploring mobile phone use while driving among young adults. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRF.2018.06.014.
McKnight, P., & Najab, J., 2022. Mann–Whitney U Test. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Research Design. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n228.
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2022. Distractions: In and Out of the Vehicle. [online] NHTSA. Tersedia di: https://www.nhtsa.gov/campaign/distracted-driving [Diakses 24 September 2024].
Ortega, C.A.C., Mariscal, M.A., Boulagouas, W., Herrera, S., Espinosa, J.M. and García-Herrero, S., 2021. Effects of Mobile Phone Use on Driving Performance: An Experimental Study of Workload and Traffic Violations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), p.7101. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137101.
Ostertagová, E., Ostertag, O., & Kováč, J., 2014. Methodology and Application of the Kruskal-Wallis Test. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 611, pp. 115 - 120. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.611.115.
Phuksuksakul, N., Kanitpong, K. and Chantranuwathana, S., 2021. Factors affecting behavior of mobile phone use while driving and effect of mobile phone use on driving performance. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 151, p.105945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105945.
Prismrisk, 2022. Safe Driving: Avoiding Collisions. [online] Safety Toolbox Talks. Tersedia di: https://www.prismrisk.gov/resources/education-connection/april-12-2022/safe-driving-safety-talks/ [Diakses 24 September 2024].
Ramnath, R., Kinnear, N., Chowdhury, S. and Hyatt, T., 2020. Interacting with Android Auto and Apple CarPlay when driving: The effect on driver performance. [online] TRL. Tersedia di: http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/sjxj5756 [Diakses 30 September 2024].
StatCounter, 2023. Mobile operating system market share Indonesia. [online] StatCounter Global Stats. Tersedia di: https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/mobile/indonesia [Diakses 27 Agustus 2024].
Stevens, J.J., 1999. Planned Nonorthogonal Comparisons in ANOVA. Tersedia di: https://pages.uoregon.edu/stevensj/nonorthog.pdf [Diakses 14 Desember 2024].
Strayer, D.L., Cooper, J.M., McCarty, M.M., Getty, D.J., Wheatley, C.L., Motzkus, C.J., Goethe, R.M., Biondi, F. and Horrey, W.J., 2019. Visual and cognitive demands of CarPlay, Android Auto, and five native infotainment systems. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 61(8), pp.1371–1386. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819836575.
Strayer, D.L., Drews, F.A. and Crouch, D.J., 2006. A Comparison of the Cell Phone Driver and the Drunk Driver. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 48(2), pp.381–391. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872006777724471.
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia, 2009. Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan. Jakarta: Republik Indonesia.
Wickens, C.D., 2008. Multiple resources and mental workload. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 50(3), pp.449–455. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872008x288394.
World Health Organization: WHO, 2023. Road traffic injuries. World Health Organization: WHO. [online] Tersedia di: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/road-traffic-injuries [Diakses 30 September 2024].
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